A Hypoplastic Constitutive Model for Granular Materials with Particle Breakage

Granular materials, such as rockfill materials and carbonate sand, exhibit complex mechanical behavior, which is affected by particle breakage under elevated pressures. In this study, we present a relative breakage model based on mean stress, void ratio, and strain. We further consider the effect of relative breakage on the critical state line. A hypoplastic constitutive model is developed by incorporating the critical state. The validity of the constitutive model is shown by comparing the numerical and experimental results of drained triaxial tests.