Association between immediate postoperative hypoalbuminemia and surgical site infection after posterior lumbar fusion surgery

Purpose In this study, we intended to investigate the association between immediate postoperative hypoalbuminemia and surgical site infection (SSI), and determine a threshold value for postoperative hypoalbuminemia that can assist in risk stratification in patients after posterior lumbar fusion surgery. Methods From January 2017 to December 2021, 466 consecutive patients who underwent posterior lumbar fusion surgery were selected to analyze the relationship between immediate postoperative hypoalbuminemia and SSI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors of SSI and postoperative hypoalbuminemia. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal value for postoperative hypoalbuminemia, and subsequent grouping was based on the identified threshold. Results Of the total 466 patients, 25 patients (5.4%) developed SSI after surgery, and lower postoperative albumin (OR: 0.716, 95% CI: 0.611–0.840, p < 0.001) was independently associated with SSI. ROC analysis showed that the cutoff value of postoperative hypoalbuminemia was 32 g/L with a sensitivity of 0.760, specificity of 0.844, and a Youden index of 0.604. Postoperative SSI was more common in patients with postoperative hypoalbuminemia than in those without (21.6% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001). Age, gender and operative duration were found to be independent predictors of postoperative hypoalbuminemia. Conclusions This study showed that immediate postoperative hypoalbuminemia was an independent risk factor for the development of SSI in patients who underwent posterior lumbar fusion. Even in patients with a normal preoperative serum albumin level, there was an increased risk of SSI when the postoperative albumin within 24 h was < 32 g/L.