Significant Northward Jump of the Western Pacific Subtropical High: The Interannual Variability and Mechanisms

The intensity and position of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) have crucial effects on climate and disaster events in East Asia during summer. The WPSH significant northward jump (SNJ) events are the main manifestation of the seasonal evolution of WPSH, which are important for the precipitation over East Asia. Using the daily reanalysis data sets from year 1979 to 2020, this study further defines the early and late SNJ events of WPSH on the interannual timescale, which are connected separately with the tropical, midlatitude subseasonal signals and the local air-sea interaction. However, the mechanisms of the WPSH-SNJ events are different in the anomalous early and late years. In the early SNJ years, the subseasonal signals from the midlevel East Asia-Pacific teleconnection pattern or the low-level boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation cause the positive 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies, which contributes to the significant WPSH northward jump in the first pentad of July. However, the above factors are unable to cause the WPSH-SNJ in the late years. Until the second pentad of August, the collaborative effects between midhigh latitudes wave trains over high levels and cold sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the core region lead to the barotropic geopotential height anomalies and the lagged northward jump of WPSH. It seems that the meridional position of WPSH has a complex interannual variability, which is modulated by the solar radiation, the atmospheric disturbances at different levels, and the SST anomalies at the same time.