The Affect Intolerance Scale (AIS), German version: A validation study in a student and clinical sample of patients with trauma-related disorders

Background and objectives: The Affect Intolerance Scale (AIS) assesses two core concepts of emotion regulation: appraisals of negative emotions as threatening and proneness to emotional avoidance. Maladaptive emotion regulation is associated with various psychopathologies. We translated and validated the AIS in a German stu-dent and clinical sample of patients with trauma-related disorders.Methods: 340 patients, 161 with post-traumatic stress disorder and 179 with adjustment disorder, and 322 students were enrolled. We employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in a cross-validation design to investigate construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability.Results: We replicated the originally described two-factor structure in both samples. Cronbach's alpha was 0.947 in the student and 0.950 in the clinical sample. AIS subscales showed moderate to high correlations with convergent and low correlations with discriminant measures. AIS total scores were significantly larger in the clinical sample, controlled for gender and age.Limitations: This study provides a unified cross-validation model in a clinical and a student sample at the cost of reduced sample sizes. Conclusions: The AIS is a valid measure of affect intolerance with the discriminative ability to distinguish between patients with trauma-related disorders and students. Test redundancy within both sub-constructs of the AIS might lead to biased estimates but allows for increased test precision, rendering the AIS a tool suitable for in-dividual treatment monitoring.