Investigation on the improved absolute nodal coordinate formulation for variable cross-section beam with large aspect ratio

The improved absolute nodal coordinate formulation (D-H-ANCF) is proposed for analyzing dynamic behaviors of the variable cross-section beam with large aspect ratio. The higher-order ANCF (H-ANCF) is established by introducing higher-order freedom degrees. Then the reduction factors of each element are proposed by considering the aspect ratio criterion and shear performance criterion. The experiments are studied to verify the correctness of the proposed method. In conclusion, shear locking can be solved by D-H-ANCF. And the deformation and cross-section distortion also can be accurately predicted by D-H-ANCF. Moreover, the computing efficiency of D-H-ANCF can be improved by introducing reduction factors.