Recent Advances in Potassium-Ion Batteries: From Material Design to Electrolyte Engineering

Compared with extensively applied lithium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) exhibit similar working principles, comparable energy densities but low costs and thus great potential in grid-scale energy storage applications. However, the K-storage performance of PIBs is significantly limited by the serious structure stress in electrode materials due to the large radius of K+ as well as poor electrolyte design principles to match the novel energy storage system. This review summarizes recent advances in material design of cathode and anode electrodes as well as electrolyte engineering for the novel electrochemical K-storage system. Especially the rational manipulation of the solid electrolyte interphase by electrolyte design to achieve satisfactory K-storage performance is emphasized. Furthermore, the guidelines and improved strategies are proposed for developing advanced PIBs for next-generation energy storage technologies.