Remotely and Sequentially Controlled Morphing Structures of a Biomimetic Monolayer Actuator with Programmable 3D Configuration for Divisible Multimotions

Bilayer-based soft actuators have gained much attention due to their fast response, programmable deformations, and unique multidegree-of-freedom motion characteristics. However, such layered structures developed to date often suffer from problems associated with inevitable poor interlayer adhesion and complicated fabrication processes, which limit their practical applications. To overcome such limitations, we fabricate a monolayer thin film photoactuator-based shape memory hybrid materials that can achieve continuous bidirectional bending actuation in response to laser signals. When subjected with a laser irradiation, the prestretched photoactuator can undergo programmable bending deformations due to anisotropic chain relaxation and strain energy release. On this basis, reversible bending actuations take place upon employing the laser to the corresponding opposite side of the actuators. Remarkably, the anisotropic structure that affords the polymer network decent bending characteristics allows for more complex three-dimensional (3D) configurations with unique reversible spatiotemporal-controlled 2D-3D-2D morphing characteristics. This unique contraction and bidirectional bending features enable flexible control of shape change in remotely and sequentially executing delicate mechanical work. Furthermore, a temperature sensor is demonstrated and envisioned for flexible electronic device applications. Our study points to a direction in fabricating light-driven soft actuators and paves a simple pathway for the design of engineering devices.