Coercion and crime: Convergences, divergences and 'county lines'

How can we understand coercion in a 'county lines' context? By drawing on data gathered with criminal justice practitioners, social workers, mothers of sons engaged in county lines and young people, this article draws on Colvin's Differential Coercion Theory to argue that coercion in a county lines context is multifaceted; occurs on both interpersonal and impersonal levels and results in social-psychological deficits that create 'spirals of coercion'. This article also considers divergences with Colvin's theory which include 'hyper-contexts', the exertion of agency to acquire fast money and material gains and coercion online. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications for research, policy and practice.