Measurement Invariance and Psychometric Properties of a German-Language Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory Among Cisgender Sexual Minority and Heterosexually Identified Women and Men

The present study translated the 30-item Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-30) from English to German. Indices for measurement invariance across gender and sexual orientation, test-retest reliabilities, and indicators of convergent (positive correlations with the Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form and the Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form) and discriminant (no correlations with the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale) validity were estimated. Working from a sample of 1,012 German-speaking persons (63.9% cisgender men and 36.1% cisgender women; age: M = 40.4 years, SD = 15.5) in Europe, multigroup structural equation modeling confirmed the 10-factor structure of the German-language version of the CMNI-30. Across gender, at least partial scalar invariance can be assumed and across sexual orientation strict invariance was detected. The German-language version of the CMNI-30 showed adequate evidence for convergent validity and test-retest reliability. Discriminant validity was only partially supported. Taken together, the CMNI-30 measures similar concepts in women and men as well as in heterosexually identified and sexual minority persons and can be recommended for research and practice for the assessment of different domains of conformity to masculinity ideologies in German-speaking individuals.