Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment and Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: A Case Study from Bensekrane in Algeria

Landslides and their disastrous consequences on the environment and human life have emphasized the need for a better understanding of the dangers associated with slope movement. The objective of this research was to assess and utilize mapping methods for predicting the hazards of landslides and thus to limit the damage of these phenomena more effectively. In the current investigation, multi-hazard mapping was employed in evaluating the risk of slope movements for the municipality of Bensekrane in Tlemcen in Algeria. There has been no hazard assessment made for the study area although it has factors responsible for triggering landslides. The standard Fares method (arithmetic and probabilistic) was employed, and the results were compared with those obtained from the modified Fares technique (arithmetic and probabilistic), which was developed based on a synthesis or combination of previous approaches. In the modified Fares technique, dynamic factors were also included, such as seismic activity, vegetation cover and groundwater level, and, thus, it was considered more reliable. However, the choice of method depended mainly on the availability of data from the study area. The maps obtained showed that the study area is susceptible to slope movements and will be employed for land use planning. The maps obtained by the arithmetic modified Fares method were different from those obtained by the arithmetic Fares method. The former presented a large part of the surface (88%) with an average hazard, unlike the latter, which presented the largest surface (66%) and a low hazard. The maps generated by the probabilistic modified Fares method showed a surface with a high hazard, unlike that obtained by the probabilistic Fares method, where a high hazard did not exist. These differences between the maps were due to the addition of dynamic factors. It is better to choose the modified Fares method, which takes into account all the factors that exist in reality. In this study, enhanced spatial, natural hazard maps were created using the modified Fares method to better aid decision makers and builders in making correct choices for increased safety and town planning. It is crucial to be able to utilize reliable maps based on multi-hazard risk assessment for land development purposes to lessen the possibility of destructive landslides. The modified Fares method can be applied to any other comparable areas around the world.