Low frequency scattering simulation of homogeneous objects in layered medium by Muller formed SIE

This paper presents a novel approach to accurately simulate the low frequency electromagnetic scattering of a homogeneous dielectric object in layered medium. The N-Muller surface integral equation (SIE) is utilized for accurate electromagnetic modeling at low frequency with a properly designed coefficient to cancel frequency singularity. Matrix-friendly layered medium Green's functions are adopted and integrated into SIE to account for the effects of the inhomogeneous background. By using Galerkin method and rooftop basis functions, a well-conditioned impedance matrix is obtained and a rapidly converging iterative solution is achieved for low frequencies. Numerical results are provided to validate the proposed method and investigate its properties.