Sex differences in post-exercise fatigue and function in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

To assess biobehavioral sex differences in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) utilizing a low burden exercise protocol, 22 females and 15 males with ME/CFS and 14 healthy controls underwent two six-min walk tests. Fifteen daily assessments were scheduled for fatigue and function ratings and heart monitoring. Six-min walk tests were conducted on days 8 and 9. The ME/CFS group showed high self-report fatigue and impaired physical function, whereas healthy controls did not show fatigue or function abnormalities. In patients, no significant post-exercise changes were found for heart rate variability (HRV); however, heart rate decreased in ME/CFS males from Day 14 to Day 15 ( p = 0.046). Female patients showed increased fatigue ( p = 0.006) after the initial walk test, but a downward slope ( p = 0.008) in fatigue following the second walk test. Male patients showed a decrease in self-report work limitation in the days after exercise ( p = 0.046). The healthy control group evidenced a decrease in HRV after the walk tests from Day 9–14 ( p = 0.038). This pilot study did not confirm hypotheses that females as compared to males would show slower exercise recovery on autonomic or self-report (e.g. fatigue) measures. A more exertion-sensitive test may be required to document prolonged post-exertional abnormalities in ME/CFS. Trial registration: NCT NCT03331419.