Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of DREB family genes in cotton

Background Dehydration responsive element-binding ( DREB ) transcription factors are widely present in plants, and involve in signalling transduction, plant growth and development, and stress response. DREB genes have been characterized in multiple species. However, only a few DREB genes have been studied in cotton, one of the most important fibre crops. Herein, the genome‑wide identification, phylogeny, and expression analysis of DREB family genes are performed in diploid and tetraploid cotton species. Results In total, 193, 183, 80, and 79 putative genes containing the AP2 domain were identified using bioinformatics approaches in G. barbadense , G. hirsutum , G. arboretum , and G. raimondii , respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that based on the categorization of Arabidopsis DREB genes, 535 DREB genes were divided into six subgroups (A1–A6) by using MEGA 7.0. The identified DREB genes were distributed unevenly across 13/26 chromosomes of A and/or D genomes. Synteny and collinearity analysis confirmed that during the evolution, the whole genome duplications, segmental duplications, and/or tandem duplications occurred in cotton DREB genes, and then DREB gene family was further expanded. Further, the evolutionary trees with conserved motifs, cis -acting elements, and gene structure of cotton DREB gene family were predicted, and these results suggested that DREB genes might be involved in the hormone and abiotic stresses responses. The subcellular localization showed that in four cotton species, DREB proteins were predominantly located in the nucleus. Further, the analysis of DREB gene expression was carried out by real-time quantitative PCR, confirming that the identified DREB genes of cotton were involved in response to early salinity and osmotic stress. Conclusions Collectively, our results presented a comprehensive and systematic understanding in the evolution of cotton DREB genes, and demonstrated the potential roles of DREB family genes in stress and hormone response.