Ambipolar charge-transfer graphene plasmonic cavities
Nature Materials(2023)
Abstract
Plasmon polaritons in van der Waals materials hold promise for various photonics applications 1 – 4 . The deterministic imprinting of spatial patterns of high carrier density in plasmonic cavities and nanoscale circuitry can enable the realization of advanced nonlinear nanophotonic 5 and strong light–matter interaction platforms 6 . Here we demonstrate an oxidation-activated charge transfer strategy to program ambipolar low-loss graphene plasmonic structures. By covering graphene with transition-metal dichalcogenides and subsequently oxidizing the transition-metal dichalcogenides into transition-metal oxides, we activate charge transfer rooted in the dissimilar work functions between transition-metal oxides and graphene. Nano-infrared imaging reveals ambipolar low-loss plasmon polaritons at the transition-metal-oxide/graphene interfaces. Further, by inserting dielectric van der Waals spacers, we can precisely control the electron and hole densities induced by oxidation-activated charge transfer and achieve plasmons with a near-intrinsic quality factor. Using this strategy, we imprint plasmonic cavities with laterally abrupt doping profiles with nanoscale precision and demonstrate plasmonic whispering-gallery resonators based on suspended graphene encapsulated in transition-metal oxides.
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Key words
Nanocavities,Nanophotonics and plasmonics,Optical properties and devices,Two-dimensional materials,Materials Science,general,Optical and Electronic Materials,Biomaterials,Nanotechnology,Condensed Matter Physics
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