Left brachiocephalic venous occlusion with spontaneous arteriovenous fistula presenting with severe edema in left upper extremity and face: A case report.
International journal of surgery case reports(2023)
摘要
Central venous occlusion and AVF is a possible underlying cause for severe refractory edema in the upper extremity and face. Therefore, both AVF and brachiocephalic occlusion should be assessed for treatment indications under these conditions.
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关键词
Arteriovenous fistula,Brachiocephalic venous occlusion,Case report,Central venous occlusion,Refractory edema
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