Probing the influence of the passivation layer of 4-Hydroxyphenethylammonium iodide on the optical, structural and solar cell performance of (FAMACs)Pb(IBr)3 perovskite solar cells

Cs0.05FA0.85MA0.10Pb(I0.90Br0.10)3=(FAMACs)Pb(IBr)3 perovskite film was prepared. Using X-ray diffraction, it was determined how the addition of 4-Hydroxyphenethylammonium iodide (4-Hy) layers affected the phases in the produced (FAMACs)Pb(IBr)3 perovskite film. Crystallinity, linear, and nonlinear optical properties of the produced films were analyzed when 4-Hy was added. The electrical and optical conductivity properties of the films were modified through the addition of a 4-Hy passivation layer, and the resulting films were designated for use in a wide range of photovoltaic applications. The optical band gaps (Eg) of all films are between 1.58 and 1.59 eV. The modifications in the nonlinear optical parameters suggest using such films in numerous nonlinear optical devices. The influence of adding 4-Hy to the films on the obtained photoluminescence intensity was also investigated. The power conversion efficiency (PCE), open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF) for the unpassivated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are 18.29%, 1.043 V, 24.48 mAcm−2, and 71.6%, respectively. For a 4-Hy concentration of 5 mg, a maximum PCE value of 19.12% was obtained, along with VOC value of 1.088 V, JSC value of 23.44 mAcm−2 and FF value of 74.98%.