Solutal effects on thermal sensitivity of casson nanofluids with comparative investigations on Newtonian (water) and non-Newtonian (blood) base liquids

In recent years nanoparticles have been widely used in medicines and pharmaceuticals because of their special mechanical, optical, and electrical behaviors, which affect significantly the convective nature of the blood liquid. The present work studies the impact of nanoparticles on the thermosolutal sensitivity of non-Newtonian fluid flow and numerical computations are made using blood as a base liquid. Binary and non-Newtonian features of blood are included in the formulation of the problem through solutal variables and the Casson fluid model, respectively. An efficient and simple methodology is applied to the set of equations and an initial state solution is obtained which is further perturbed slightly leading to a realistic expression of the Rayleigh number as a function of the thermophysical characteristics of the system. To capture the complete essence of the problem, a comparative study is also performed by taking blood (non-Newtonian)/water (Newtonian) as base liquids for thermal/thermosolutal cases using metallic/non-metallic nanoparticles and results in some key observations which are not yet established in the literature. Thermosolutal instability is dominated by the solutal effects and makes the system highly sensitive, while the Casson parameter stabilizes liquid and for its higher value, the instability of the layer increases.