Central Asia's spatiotemporal glacier response ambiguity due to data inconsistencies and regional simplifications

We have investigated the drivers behind the observed spatiotemporal mass balance heterogeneity in Tien Shan and Pamir, in High Mountain Asia. To study the consistency of the different interpretations derived from the available meteorological reanalysis and remote sensing products, we used correlation analyses between climatic and static drivers with novel estimates of region-wide annual glacier mass balance time series. These analyses were performed both spatially using different spatial classifications of glaciers and temporally for each individual glacier. Our results show that the importance of the variables studied depends strongly on the dataset used and which spatial classification of glaciers is chosen. This extends to opposing results using the different products. Even supposedly similar datasets lead to different and partly contradicting assumptions on dominant drivers of mass balance variability. The apparent but false consistencies across studies using a single dataset are related, according to our results, to the chosen dataset or spatial classification rather than to the processes or involved environmental variables. Without a glaciological, meteorological, and hydrological in situ observation network providing data that allow for the direct calibration and validation of extensive datasets, our understanding of neither the changing cryosphere at the regional scale for Tien Shan and Pamir nor glacier response to climate change or the assessment of water availability for the region’s growing population can improve.