Ultrasonication-assisted fouling control during ceramic membrane filtration of primary wastewater under gravity-driven and constant flux conditions

•Initial intermediate pore blocking, followed by cake filtration was noticed in GDM systems.•Cake filtration displayed its dominance during constant flux filtration of wastewater.•Ultrasonication facilitated reducing both cake fouling and specific cake resistance.•Effectiveness of ultrasonication in fouling control was related to cake morphology.•Ceramic-based GDM is economically feasible for household application.