Additive manufacturing of titanium-based materials using electron beam wire 3d printing approach: peculiarities, advantages, and prospects

Potential of additive manufacturing technologies, namely, xBeam 3D Metal Print-ing for the fabrication of uniform Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-6-4, mas.%) material as well as layered titanium-based structures, with mechanical properties sufficient for wide practical application is demonstrated. The key distinctive features of this process are titanium alloy wire as a feedstock material and hollow conical electron beam for heating and melting of the wire. 3D printed with special 'shift strategy' Ti-6-4 al-loy meets requirements to mechanical characteristics of corresponding conventional cast and wrought products, if microstructure features, material anisotropy and crys - tallographic texture are controlled with proper selection of processing para me ters. Production of multilayered materials consisting of combined layers of different titanium materials, viz. commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti), Ti-6-4 and high-strength T110 alloys, as well as metal matrix composites (MMC) based on Ti-6-4 matrix rein-forced by fine TiC particles is considered. Microstructural features and mechanical properties of all 3D printed materials are investigated. Terminal ballistic tests are performed with different ammunition. Described results show the promising poten-tial of 3D printing technologies, xBeam 3D Metal Printing as an example, for manu-facturing of titanium-based multilayered armour materials with reduced thickness and weight, and at the same time, sufficient protection characteristics.