Morphological analysis of anterior permanent dentition in a Chinese population using cone-beam computed tomography

Purpose Morphological analysis of permanent anterior dentition is essential for achieving an ideal treatment outcome and avoiding unnecessary failure. This study aimed to analyze the morphologies of anterior teeth in the Chinese population in depth. Methods In this retrospective study, 4309 anterior teeth from 401 Chinese patients were investigated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) from 2019–2021. We summarized the morphological characteristics of the anterior teeth in terms of the root length, cementoenamel junction curvature (CEJ-C), root furcation and canal variations. Results We found that the root lengths of the maxillary anterior incisors were similar (13.3 mm), while the root lengths of the mandibular central (12.2 mm) and lateral incisors (13.4 mm) varied significantly ( p < .0001). Both the maxillary (16.6 mm) and mandibular canines (15.5 mm) were found to have greater root lengths than the corresponding incisors ( p < .0001). The CEJ-C was significantly greater around incisors (2.5 mm) than around the canines (2.0 mm) in the maxilla ( p < .0001), while the curvature remained similar in mandibular anterior teeth (1.8 mm). Root furcation was observed in mandibular canines and lateral incisors. Moreover, all types of Vertucci’s classification in anterior dentitions were observed, while two other new types were found. Among them, the maxilla was only observed to exhibit types I, II, III, and ST II, while the mandible was found to exhibit almost all types. However, Type I still accounts for the majority of dentitions. Conclusions Morphological analysis of permanent anterior dentition revealed diversity in the tooth length, CEJ-C, furcation proportion, and canal variations. In general, mandibular anterior teeth showed a more complex structure than maxillary teeth.