Enhancement in the dielectric and ferroelectric behaviour by interface between the electrode and grain bulk boundaries of Ca, Zr-doped Barium Titanate

Lead-free complex perovskite Ca, Zr-doped Barium Titanate (BCZT) nanostructures were fabricated via environmentally-benign hydrothermal method. It exhibited tetragonal structure without any secondary phases the structure is refined by Rietveld refinement method with a good fit value (chi 2 = 1.38) with highly dense and interconnected enormously large grains without any phase segregation at grain boundary. Raman spectra ex-hibits no modes around 860 cm-1 (A1g octahedral mode), which indicates that Ca2+ ion creates no oxygen va-cancies and occupies A site rather than B site. Well-saturated hysteresis loop confirms the ferroelectric nature. Whereas temperature dependent dielectric measurements as a function of frequency indicates the ferroelectric-relaxor behavior with fairly high dielectric constant value and low value of tan(delta). Impedance spectroscopy reveals the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) and Non-Debye type relaxation behavior of the material. At 400 degrees C BCZT sample shows a separate arc of semicircles to the establishment of the effect of grains, grain boundaries, and electrodes.