Urbanization and production: Heterogeneous effects on construction and demolition waste

Urbanization has boosted the development of urban environment, leading to extensive building activities and then construction and demolition waste (CDW). However, there has been an absence of research into the heterogeneous effects of urbanizations on CDW. The upshot, in this stance, has been an inability to engender policies to minimize the impacts CDW has on environment. Therefore, we develop an econometric model to address this void. The empirical evidence revealed that CDW fluctuated significantly along with regional heterogeneities, indicating positively spatial correlations. Moreover, the population and spatial urbanizations can amplify CDW, which were depressed by the economic and social ones that however boosted construction wastes in neighboring regions. The original contribution of this research is threefold: (1) a robust model for econometrically examining how urbanization affect CDW; and (2) a novel insight into understanding the spatial-temporal characteristics of and heterogenous relationship between urbanization and CDW; and (3) implications for policy development to sustain urban and economic environments.