Diagnosis and treatment of vertebral artery injuries due to blunt trauma: A case series

Blunt traumatic vertebral artery injuries are rare, but they cause rapid secondary strokes with worsening prognoses. We report four blunt traumatic vertebral artery injury cases that were diagnosed before developing stroke and successfully treated with coil embolization. All four patients were male, aged between 45 and 71 years (mean 57 years). The injuries were caused by road accidents in 2 cases and falls in 2 cases. The GCS at initial examination was 15, except for one case of hypoxic encephalopathy associated with pulmonary contusion (11 points). The vertebral arteries were completely occluded (Denver grade IV). Before treatment, only one patient had a mild right cerebellar hemispheric stroke, but three patients were asymptomatic. All patients underwent coil embolization (2 on 0 days, 1 on 7 days, and 1 on 17 days), and the postoperative course was uneventful. The neuroradiological imaging studies should be performed as early as possible in vertebral artery injuries due to blunt neck trauma. Moreover, endovascular coil embolization is a safe, effective treatment for blunt traumatic vertebral artery injuries.