Challenges in Forecasting Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human health. Since the 2000s, computational tools for predict-ing infectious diseases have been greatly advanced; however, efforts to develop real-time forecasting mod-els for antimicrobial-resistant organisms (AMROs) have been absent. In this perspective, we discuss the utility of AMRO forecasting at different scales, highlight the challenges in this field, and suggest future research priorities. We also discuss challenges in scientific un-derstanding, access to high-quality data, model calibra-tion, and implementation and evaluation of forecasting models. We further highlight the need to initiate research on AMRO forecasting using currently available data and resources to galvanize the research community and ad-dress initial practical questions.