Epigenetic Up-Regulation of ADAMTS4 in Sympathetic Ganglia is Involved in the Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain Following Nerve Injury

Sympathetic axonal sprouting into dorsal root ganglia is a major phenomenon implicated in neuropathic pain, and sympathetic ganglia blockage may relieve some intractable chronic pain in animal pain models and clinical conditions. These suggest that sympathetic ganglia participated in the maintenance of chronic pain. However, the molecular mechanism underlying sympathetic ganglia-mediated chronic pain is not clear. Here, we found that spared nerve injury treatment upregulated the expression of ADAMTS4 and AP-2α protein and mRNA in the noradrenergic neurons of sympathetic ganglia during neuropathic pain maintenance. Knockdown the ADAMTS4 or AP-2α by injecting specific retro scAAV-TH (Tyrosine Hydroxylase)-shRNA ameliorated the mechanical allodynia induced by spared nerve injury on day 21 and 28. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation and coimmunoprecipitation assays found that spared nerve injury increased the recruitment of AP-2α to the ADAMTS4 gene promoter, the interaction between AP-2α and histone acetyltransferase p300 and the histone H4 acetylation on day 28. Finally, knockdown the AP-2α reduced the acetylation of H4 on the promoter region of ADAMTS4 gene and suppressed the increase of ADAMTS4 expression induced by spared nerve injury. Together, these results suggested that the enhanced interaction between AP-2α and p300 mediated the epigenetic upregulation of ADAMTS4 in sympathetic ganglia noradrenergic neurons, which contributed to the maintenance of spared nerve injury induced neuropathic pain.