NIR-II fluorescence nanoprobe based on Erbium for fallopian tube diseases diagnosis

•A well-performance NIR-II fluorescence nanoprobe (Er-RENPs), which emission at 1550 nm with 808 nm laser excitation, is fabricated by simple one-pot reaction.•NIR-II imaging can clearly visualize the structure of fallopian tubes, as well as accurately diagnose common fallopian tubal diseases with the aid of Er-RENPs nanoprobe.•The Er-RENPs can be excreted into abdominal cavity in 120 min after adminstration, and exhibit good biocompatibility.•NIR-II imaging has the potential to be an alternative to HSG for tubal patency diagnosis, with the aid of Er-RENPs nanoprobe.