Does robot-assisted percutaneous hollow screw placement combined with tarsal sinus incision reduction in the treatment of calcaneal fracture perform better at a minimum two year follow-up compared with traditional surgical reduction and fixation?

Purpose We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted percutaneous hollow screw placement combined with tarsal sinus incisions for treating calcaneal fractures. Methods Clinical data of 50 patients with calcaneal fractures treated from January 2018 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty-six patients (26 feet) were included in the traditional group (traditional surgical reduction and internal fixation) and 24 (24 feet) in the robot-assisted group (robot-assisted internal fixation of tarsal sinus incision). The operation time, C-arm fluoroscopy dose, fracture healing time, Gissane angle, Böhler angle, calcaneal width, calcaneal height, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores were compared between the groups preoperatively and two years postoperatively. Results Operation time was significantly longer in the traditional group than in the robot-assisted group, while the intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy dose was significantly lower in the robot-assisted than in the traditional group ( P < 0.05). Both groups were followed up for 24–26 months (average, 24.9 months). Two years postoperatively, the Gissane angle, Böhler angle, calcaneal height, and calcaneal width improved significantly in both groups, without significant differences. Fracture healing time was not significantly different in both groups ( P > 0.05). The two year postoperative VAS and AOFAS scores in both groups were significantly higher than the preoperative scores, but the robot-assisted group postoperative AOFAS scores were significantly higher than those in the traditional group ( t = − 3.775, P = 0.000). Conclusion Robot-assisted internal fixation of tarsal sinus incision is effective in treating calcaneal fractures with satisfactory long-term follow-up outcomes.