Early diagnosis and management of arterio-ureteral fistulas: A literature review.

Failure to diagnose can postpone a potentially life-saving targeted therapy and lead to complications. The identifi-cation of the Trifecta hematuria, history of pelvic surgery (HPS) and history of pelvic radiotherapy (HPR) would allow the identity-fication of patients at high risk of AUF, who may benefit from more sensitive early diagnostic investigations such as CT angiography and provocative angiography. The treatment of choice in case of AUF to date consist in endovascular prosthesis placement.