Evaluation of veterinary students' confidence and competence with surgical entrustable professional activities after repeated use of low-fidelity training models.

Repeated exposure to low-fidelity surgical training models increased final-year students' surgical confidence and competence and reduced procedural stress related to three key surgical EPAs. Assessment of competence using a grading rubric was successful and could be incorporated into a competence-based veterinary education assessment framework to allow screening of competence prior to graduation.