Population-level lateralization of boxing displays enhances fighting success in male Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats

Behavioral lateralization with left- and right-hand use is common in the Animal Kingdom and can be advantageous for social species. The existence of a preferential use of the hands during agonistic interactions has been described for a number of invertebrate and vertebrate species. Bats compose the second largest order of mammals. They not only use their forelimbs for flight but also agonistic interactions. However, whether bat species show a population-level lateralized aggressive display has largely been unexplored. Here, we examine the lateralization of boxing displays during agonistic interactions in male Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats, Hipposideros armiger, from three different populations. We found a population-level lateralization of boxing displays: Males from all three populations show a preferential use of the left forearm to attack opponents. In addition, left-handed boxers have higher fighting success over right-handed boxers. This study expands our knowledge of the handedness of bats and highlights the role of behavioral lateralization in conflict resolution in nocturnal mammals.