Graphene oxide coated three-dimensional printed biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold for angiogenic and osteogenic synergy in repairing critical-size bone defect

•The 3D printed BCP scaffold which have an ideal osteogenesis was developed for critical-sized bone defect repairing.•Significantly enhanced angiogenic effect was observed over the GO/BCP composite scaffold as compared to the pure BCP.•The custom-made intramedullary nail was applied to critical-sized bone defect of beagle femur, conformed by finite element analysis.•0.3% GO/BCP composite exhibited remarkably increased bone volume, enhanced angiogenesis in vivo.