Investigation of crystal structure and variable range hopping conduction mechanism in Gd doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ceramics
Journal of Molecular Structure(2023)
Abstract
•Amphoteric behavior is observed in Gd doped in the Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ceramics.•The depolarization temperature decreases upon increasing Gd concentration.•Ferroelectric hardening is observed for doped samples.•We observed p-type conductivity and conduction mechanism is governed by variable range hopping model.
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Key words
Ferroelectrics,Rietveld Refinement,Dielectric study,Conductivity,VRH model
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