HIV risk profile and prevention needs of individuals seeking monkeypox (mpox) vaccination in an urban clinic in the U.S.: a brief report

Background Our study survey assessed HIV risk profile and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among HIV-negative individuals seeking mpox vaccination, elucidating HIV prevention gaps and opportunities. Methods Anonymous cross-sectional surveys were self-administered at an urban academic center clinic in New Haven, CT, U.S. (August 18–November 18, 2022). Inclusion criteria included adults presenting for mpox vaccination who consented to the study. The study assessed STI risk (sexual practices, STI history, substance use). For HIV-negative participants, PrEP knowledge, attitudes, and preferences were assessed. Results Eighty-one of 210 individuals approached completed surveys (survey acceptance and completion rate 38.6%). Majority were cisgender-male (76/81; 93.8%), Caucasian (48/79; 60.8%), with median age 28 years (IQR-15). Nine of 81 (11.5%) self-reported HIV-positivity. Median sexual partner number (6 months prior) was 4 (IQR-5.8). Majority, 89.9% and 75.9%, reported insertive and receptive anal intercourse, respectively. 41% reported lifetime STI history, of whom 12.3% had an STI 6 months prior. Majority (55.8%) used ≥ 1 illicit substance; 87.7% moderate alcohol use. Among HIV-negative respondents, most (95.7%) were aware of PrEP, but only 48.4% used PrEP. Conclusion Individuals seeking mpox vaccination engage in behaviors placing them at increased STI risk and would benefit from PrEP assessment.