Antiparasitic Activity of Two Natural Terpenes from Salvia cuspidata against Leishmania amazonensis .

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by flagellated parasites of the genus affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. Current treatments for leishmaniasis involve the administration of poorly tolerated drugs with toxic side effects in patients. There is an imperative necessity for novel compounds to treat this disease. One of the most used strategies in the search for different antiparasitic compounds is the screening of purified plant molecules. The diterpenes 12-hydroxy-11,14-diketo-6,8,12-abietatrien-19,20-olide (HABTO) and 5-epi-icetexone (ICTX) isolated from were shown to be effective against and . They displayed an antiproliferative effect against promastigotes. They also induce an increase in ROS levels and affect the mitochondrial activity of parasites. HABTO and ICTX in an model of cutaneous leishmaniasis decrease footpad swelling, parasite load, and splenic index. Moreover, they induce significant reduction in the O.D. of total anti-Leishmania IgG and IgG1 subtype antibody responses against compared to the PBS group but maintain high levels of IgG2a. This suggests that in HABTO- or ICTX-treated mice, there is a slowdown in the progression of the disease. These terpenes could be considered as possible novel antileishmanial agents against and thus treat cutaneous leishmaniasis.