Outcomes Associated with the Endourological Management of Stent Encrustation: Findings from a Literature Review on Behalf of the EAU YAU Urolithiasis Group

Purpose of Review Double J ureteric stents (DJs) are useful aids for urinary drainage in case of stones or tumour causing ureteric obstruction. Prolonged dwelling time such as when forgotten can lead to encrustation. Our aim was to perform a literature review to evaluate outcomes associated with endourological management of encrusted stents (ES). Recent Findings There now exist validated tools which can aid in grading the severity of encrustation and aid operative planning such as the total number of surgeries that may be required. Evaluation of different treatment strategies remains under reported. Summary Removal of encrusted stent is a challenging problem, and it typically requires a multimodal endourological approach.