Perception about wind farm-related impacts on Eudocimus ruber (Linnaeus, 1758) birdwatching ecotourism in Pequenos Lencois Maranhenses, NE, Brazil

The aim of the current study is to record the impact of wind farms on E. ruber populations and the importance of this species for ecotourism in the PLM region based on the perception of local tour drivers. The study was conducted in Paulino Neves and Barreirinhas counties / Maranhao State, from June to July 2019. The Rapport method was used for familiarization and trust purposes; it was followed by semi-structured interviews with 35 local drivers. In total, 46% of drivers have said that wind farm implementation and operation processes did not have negative impact on scarlet ibis; however, 23% of interviewees reported that buried ponds were one of the main issues generated by the venture. Four categories were analyzed to assess the importance of scarlet ibis to local ecotourism; however, 60% of interviewees has stated that the flock of these birds encourages tourism in the region and, consequently, it helps improving income sources. Interviewees have mentioned 13 tourist attractions with potential for scarlet ibis birdwatching. Alazao Pond (n = 27) was the most cited location; it was followed by Cabure (n = 25) and Assembleia Beach (n = 13). Most tour drivers did not perceive negative impacts of wind farms on scarlet ibis populations. In addition, they acknowledged the importance, behavior and distribution of the species in the region. The fact that impacts have not been perceived does not mean that they are not occurring a fact that can compromise the region's potential for bird watching.