Multi-objective-derived energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks using hybrid African vultures-cuckoo search optimization.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) plays an essential role in consumer electronics, remote monitoring, an electromagnetic signal, and so forth. The functional capacity of WSN gets enhanced everyday with different technologies. The rapid development of wireless communication, as well as digital electronics, provides automatic sensor networks with low cost and power in various functions, but the challenge faced in WSN is to forward a huge amount of data between the nodes, which is a highly complex task to provide superior delay and energy loss. To overcome these issues, the development of a routing protocol is used for the optimal selection of multipath to perform efficient routing in WSN. This paper developed an energy-efficient routing in WSNs utilizing the hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm with the help of Hybrid African Vultures-Cuckoo Search Optimization (HAV-CSO). Here, the designed method is utilized for choosing the optimal cluster heads for progressing the routing. The developed HAV-CSO method is used to enhance the network lifetime in WSN. Hence, the hybrid algorithm also helps select the cluster heads by solving the multi-objective function in terms of distance, intra-cluster distance, delay, inter-cluster distance, throughput, path loss, energy, transmission load, temperature, and fault tolerance. The developed model achieved 7.8% higher than C-SSA, 25.45% better than BSO-MTLBO, 23.21% enhanced than AVOA, and 1.29% improved than CSO. The performance of the suggested model is validated, and the efficacy of the developed work is proved over other existing works.