P-robust energy management of a multi-energy microgrid enabled with energy conversions under various uncertainties

Given the optimistic future of hydrogen energy in transition toward a low-carbon society, hydrogen subsystem and its role in the optimal energy management of multi-energy microgrids (MEMG) should be considered. Uncertainties of hydrogen vehicles (HVs), demands, wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) power output, and prices associated within MEMG can impose regret to the optimality of solution. In this study, a stochastic p-robust optimization approach is developed to cope with uncertainties and obtain an optimal solution for the proposed MEMG while satisfying a robustness criterion. The proposed MEMG considers different energy conversions including power to hydrogen (P2H), hydrogen to power (H2P), hydrogen to gas (H2G), gas to power (G2P) and gas to power and heat (G2He). Additional energy transactions with the external electricity grid as well as liquified natural gas (LNG) are considered and application of renewables and hydrogen storage system (HSS) towards a sustainable isolated MEMG is investigated via the ϵ-constraint approach. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach is evaluated on a case study and results verify that the proposed MEMG is scheduled to be robust and obtain the maximum profit.