The symphony of open-heart surgical care: A mixed-methods study about interprofessional attitudes towards family involvement

Purpose The overall aim of this study was to describe the attitudes towards family involvement in care held by nurses and medical doctors working in open-heart surgical care and the factors influencing these attitudes. Methods Mixed-methods convergent parallel design. A web-based survey was completed by nurses (n = 267) using the Families' Importance in Nursing Care-Nurses Attitudes (FINC-NA) instrument and two open-ended questions, generating one quantitative and one qualitative dataset. Qualitative interviews with medical doctors (n = 20) were conducted in parallel, generating another qualitative dataset. Data were analysed separately according to each paradigm and then merged into mixed-methods concepts. Meta-inferences of these concepts were discussed. Results The nurses reported positive attitudes in general. The two qualitative datasets from nurses and medical doctors resulted in the identification of seven generic categories. The main mixed-methods finding was the attitude that the importance of family involvement in care depends on the situation. Conclusions The dependence of family involvement on the situation may be due to the patient's and family's unique needs. If professionals' attitudes rather than the family's needs and preferences determine how the family is involved, care runs the risk of being unequal.