Classification Schemes for the Radar Reference Window: Design and Comparisons

In this article, we address the problem of classifying data within the radar reference window in terms of statistical properties. Specifically, we partition these data into statistically homogeneous subsets by identifying possible clutter power variations with respect to the cells under test (accounting for possible range-spread targets) and/or clutter edges. To this end, we consider different situations of practical interest and formulate the classification problem as multiple-hypothesis tests comprising several models for the operating scenario. Then, we solve the hypothesis testing problems by resorting to suitable approximations of the model-order selection rules due to the intractable mathematics associated with the maximum likelihood estimation of some parameters. Remarkably, the classification results provided by the proposed architectures represent an advanced clutter map since, besides the estimation of the clutter parameters, they contain a clustering of range bins in terms of homogeneous subsets. In fact, such information can drive the conventional detectors toward more reliable estimates of the clutter covariance matrix according to the position of the cells under test. The performance analysis confirms that the conceived architectures represent a viable means to recognize the scenario wherein the radar is operating at least for the considered simulation parameters.