Zelkova carpinifolia (Ulmaceae), a relict tree, first recorded in Iraq

The relict tree Zelkova carpinifolia (Pall.) K. Koch, ordinarily growing in the Hyrcanian–Euxinian phytogeographic region, is reported for the first time from Iraq, namely the north-east of the country. The site lies on the margin of this species’ distribution between the other extant isolated records in the south easternmost region of Turkey and western Iran. Given that this species is extremely rare in neighbouring countries, every single population makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the species’ phytogeography and conservation. The oldest individuals reported in the study are 105, 102, 93, 90 and 84 years old, and the average age is 46. The palaeobotanical background, habitat characteristics and information on population characteristics are presented. Additionally, SEM micrographs of Zelkova carpinifolia leaves were taken and compared with published sources. The findings are discussed in the context of the worldwide distribution of the species and its conservation status.