Microaerobic enrichment of benzene-degrading bacteria and description of Ideonella benzenivorans sp. nov., capable of degrading benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene under microaerobic conditions

In the present study, the bacterial community structure of enrichment cultures degrading benzene under microaerobic conditions was investigated through culturing and 16S rRNA gene Illumina amplicon sequencing. Enrichments were dominated by members of the genus Rhodoferax followed by Pseudomonas and Acidovorax . Additionally, a pale amber-coloured, motile, Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated B7 T was isolated from the microaerobic benzene-degrading enrichment cultures and characterized using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. The 16S rRNA gene and whole genome-based phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain B7 T formed a lineage within the family Comamonadaceae, clustered as a member of the genus Ideonella and most closely related to Ideonella dechloratans CCUG 30977 T . The sole respiratory quinone is ubiquinone-8. The major fatty acids are C 16:0 and summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω 7c/iso-C 15:0 2-OH). The DNA G + C content of the type strain is 68.8 mol%. The orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) relatedness values between strain B7 T and closest relatives were below the threshold values for species demarcation. The genome of strain B7 T , which is approximately 4.5 Mb, contains a phenol degradation gene cluster, encoding a multicomponent phenol hydroxylase (mPH) together with a complete meta -cleavage pathway including a I.2.C-type catechol 2,3-dioxygenase ( C23O ) gene. As predicted by the genome, the type strain is involved in aromatic hydrocarbon-degradation: benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene are degraded aerobically and also microaerobically as sole source of carbon and energy. Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain B7 T is a member of the genus Ideonella and represents a novel species for which the name Ideonella benzenivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain B7 T (= LMG 32,345 T = NCAIM B.02664 T ).