The Influence of Ruthenium Oxidation State and Particles Distribution on the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid in the Presence of Ru-Containing Zeolite-Based Catalysts

The paper presents data on the synthesis of ruthenium catalysts based on the zeolites HBeta. HY, HMordenite and HZSM-5 and their testing in the hydrogenation reaction of levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone in an aqueous medium at a temperature of 100 degrees C and partial hydrogen pressure of 1 MPa. For the initial zeolites and synthesized catalysts, physicochemical study was carried out using low-temperature nitrogen physisorption, XPS, DRIFT spectroscopy using CD3CN as a probe molecule, and electron microscopy. The dependence of the activity of Ru/zeolite composites on the surface content of RuO2 was established.