Weighting factor elicitation for sustainability assessment of energy technologies

In this paper, an approach for sustainability assessment of innovative energy technologies is expanded by multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods to aggregate indicator results and support decision-making. One of the most important steps for MCDA is to determine weighting factors for individual indicators. Thus, a workshop was performed to elicit weighting factors for sustainability assessments of energy technologies from developers of such technologies and energy system modellers from academia. These stakeholders expressed their preferences with respect to sustainability criteria using the Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART). A triple bottom line approach of sustainable development was used as the basis for the aggregation of indicator results. This approach is based on Life Cycle Costing, Life Cycle Assessment and social indicators. Obtained weighting factors were applied to an integrative sustainability assessment with the aggregation method Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE). Hydrogen-based mobility as an important technology to foster decarbonization in the transport sector is used as a case study for the application of the derived weighting factors. A conventional vehicle, powered by fossil fuel, is compared with a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) for the year 2050. Different options (pipeline, compressed gaseous hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid organic hydrogen carrier) are discussed for the supply of hydrogen. The results for this weighting factor set are compared with an equal weighting scenario of the three sustainability dimensions and indicators within one sustainability dimension. The FCEV, using pipelines for hydrogen supply, came out first in the assessment as well as in all sensitivity analyses.