Pharmacists Analysis of the Negative Impacts of Smoking and Quality of Glycaemic Control Following Smoking Cessation in Patients with Type II Diabetes

The negative influences of smoking include loss of productivity and extensive direct costs on healthcare expenditure. Cigarette smoking is a significant health problem and a modifiable risk factor for type II diabetes. A prospective open labelled randomised controlled clinical trial with a two-group parallel design was conducted. The primary outcome is the quality of glycaemic control following smoking cessation programme as indicated by HbA1c level at 12 months. Analysis of the pattern of smoking cessation at 12 months showed 15 patients with complete abstinence, 9 with & GE; 66.6% reductions in smoking, 20 with & GE; 33.3% reduction in smoking, 7 with < 33.3% reduction, and 17 with continued or increased daily number of ciga-rettes smoked. Statistically significant results included completely abstinent subgroup being associated with the second lowest increase in FBG (p = 0.005) and greatest reduction in cardiac risk (p < 0.001). Though the control of smoking behaviour amongst patients with DM-2 remains in the domain of the patients, however, the efforts of getting them to cease is hugely impacted by contrary beliefs to those established in fact and research.