Implementation in Design-Based Research Projects: A Map of Implementation Typologies and Strategies

Design-based research (DBR) boldly claims to contribute to developing theory and practice through design experi-ments, but little is reported on how to make those contributions impact beyond project foci. This article provides a scoping review on current DBR literature that shows this to be a current and persistent problem, necessitating research on how to better implement DBR outcomes to expand impact. A two-dimensional model is employed for categorising review findings on implementation, with emphasis on efforts towards 1) timeframe and budget, and 2) context and stakeholders. These dimensions each employ a within-beyond distinction, to address the orientation of the imple-mentation efforts. Findings include the identification of three implementation strategies beyond the project, and one non-strategy: sustained implementation, expansive implementation, adaptive implementation, and no implementa-tion beyond project foci. Further, we identify projects in the intersections between the two dimensions. Together, these findings contribute to a map of DBR implementation typologies and strategies for improving the impact of future DBR projects.