Lidocaine inhibits influenza a virus replication by up-regulating IFNα4 via TBK1-IRF7 and JNK-AP1 signaling pathways

A mode pattern of lidocaine against IAV by upregulation of IFN-I signaling in macrophages. Upon viral infection, lidocaine activates the intracellular TBK1-IRF7 and JNK-AP1(c-Jun) axes, resulting in phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF7 and phosphorylation of c-Jun separately, and further enhances IFNα4 transcription in macrophages. Both GSK8633, a TBK1 inhibitor, and SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, totally abolished the inhibition effect of lidocaine. This model indicates that lidocaine promotes host antiviral response by upregulation of IFN-I signaling.