Recurrence of acute retinopathy in pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

PURPOSE:To report a case of recurrent acute retinopathy associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum and to propose a reappraisal of this entity based on multimodal imaging analysis. METHODS:Retrospective case report. High-resolution optical coherence tomography (high-res OCT), ultra-widefield imaging, and widefield swept-source OCT angiography and en face OCT were performed. RESULTS:A man in his 40s diagnosed with pseudoxanthoma elasticum and angioid streaks presented with two distinct episodes of acute retinopathy in his right eye during a one-year follow-up period. Acute retinopathy was characterized by rapid vision loss. High-res OCT showed multifocal hyperreflective lesions splitting the retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch membrane complex and associated with focal choroidal thickening. After the first episode, OCT angiography confirmed the development of macular neovascularization at the site of a previous inflammatory lesion. During the second episode, multimodal images showed findings consistent with epiphenomenon multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (EpiMEWDS). On en face widefield OCT, acute retinopathy was characterized by multiple hyperreflective spots scattered at the posterior pole. CONCLUSION:Recurrence of acute retinopathy can be observed in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum and angioid streaks. Multimodal imaging shows that some lesions of pseudoxanthoma elasticum-associated acute retinopathy closely resemble those of punctate inner choroidopathy/idiopathic multifocal choroiditis.