Haploidentical gamma delta T Cells Induce Complete Remission in Chemorefractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

The transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to an aggressive lymphoma, called Richter transformation, is often accompanied by resistance to chemotherapy and high mortality. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies are required for the successful treatment of these patients. One possibility is cellular immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T cells. However, the time delay until cells are available and the limited number of effector cells due to the impaired immune system of these patients potentially compromises the efficacy of this approach. Another promising attempt might be the therapy with gamma delta T cells. Once activated, they exhibit various antitumor effects against several types of malignancies. Furthermore, they can be safely used in an allogeneic setting and can be multiplied in vivo as already demonstrated in clinical studies. In vitro data, in addition, show that the cytotoxicity of gamma delta T cells can be significantly enhanced by monoclonal antibodies. Here we present a patient, who suffered from Richter transformation and did not respond to several lines of immunochemotherapy. Due to the lack of further therapy options, we conducted an individual therapy with adoptive transfer of haploidentical gamma delta T cells combined with the application of the monoclonal antibody obinutuzumab. A histologically confirmed complete remission was achieved through this therapy approach, whereby relevant side effects were not seen. This case highlights the potential of gamma delta T cells and the feasibility of this therapeutic approach for further clinical trials.